Basic Terrain and Site Modeling in ARCHICAD

Basic Terrain and Site Modeling in ARCHICAD

Hello, this is Eric Bobrow, and in this lesson, we’ll create a site model for the building using the Mesh tool as well as the Slab tool and add a few trees as landscaping with the Object tool.  [0:00:14]

So, here’s the building as it stood at the end of the previous lesson.  You notice that we’ve got the floor plan, and we have a furniture plan.  These are some variations along with structural plans, etc., that are different versions of what we’re looking at.  Now, I like to create a site plan to work on the train model.  So, I’ll activate the floor plan here and then switch some of the settings.  [0:00:42]

I’ll go to the Quick Options, which is this little button in the bottom left, third from the left in the Navigation area, and I’ll switch the layer combination from floor plan to site plan, and that actually changes what is seen because layers determine which things are visible and which are not, and now we’re seeing just the walls – the exterior walls and the roofs, and it turns off the interior of the building.  [0:01:07]

Now, if you’re working with the international metric version, then you will also have a site option, but you’ll need to change the layer combination to show the walls in order to coordinate the survey, and I will repeat the exercise that I’m about to do with bringing in the survey, again, with the metric version.  So, first we’ll do the U.S. version, and then we’ll repeat with the metric.  [0:01:33]

So, to bring in this survey, a great way to do it starting in ARCHICAD 11 would be to create a worksheet with the survey.  Now, if you’re in ARCHICAD 10 – I can’t remember when worksheets were introduced. Maybe it was 12.  So, if you’re in ARCHICAD 10 or possibly 11, then you would usually create a new detailed drawing to place this or possibly place it on a story below the main one so you can create additional stories in your project, but I’m going to go ahead and create a new, independent worksheet, which is without an ID.  I’ll just leave that alone, but I’ll change the name here to Survey.  [0:02:16]

It now gives me a blank drafting area.  Now, I’m going to change the scale from ¼”, which is 1 to 48 to an 1/8” because I figured the survey will fit nicely on my layout sheet at that scale.  If you’re working in metric, 1 to 100 will work just fine, and of course, when you’re working with very large projects, then you might have much smaller scales – 1 to 200 or 1/16” per foot or even smaller.  I’ll just say OK, and now I’m ready to actually bring in the .dwg from the consultants as a survey.  [0:02:52]

So, I’ll go to the File menu, External Content, Place External Drawing.  Now, if you’re in the start edition, you won’t have that option, so you might have to do things like merging the drawing in, and I won’t deal with that in this lesson, but just follow along with the general principles because you can still do similar sorts of things.  I’ll say Place External Drawing, and it allows me to choose a .dwg file, so I’m going to go look here, and I have my site survey, and it’s a .dwg.  [0:03:26]

Right now, I have the filter saying Show Everything, so all different types.  You could pick from the filtered to show only .dwg, and there would be a very short list in this folder.  I’ll say Open, and when I do that, it asks me, “What is the drawing unit?”  Now, what you’ve got to understand is that in .dwg files, the elements are described based on how many units in length or placement they are, so in other words, if something’s 100 units in length, a line could be 100 feet, 100 meters, 100 miles – anything.  [0:04:01]

So, we need to choose what that’s going to be.  Now, if you’re in the US, and you’re working with the most common surveys, which are in decimal feet, so the property line is described as 128.57 feet, then one foot would be the unit.  If you’re bringing in an architectural drawing that is in feet and inches from a consultant, then you might pick one inch.  In metric, you can experiment between meters and millimeters.  In the file that I’m supplying to you for this purpose, you will be bringing it in as one meter. [0:04:33]

So, I’m going to choose the one foot and say Place.  Now, it allows me to say where I’d like to place it.  I’ll just click on the origin point of this particular drawing.  It’s a little bit arbitrary, but you can see that the drawing just came into the upper-right of it, and I’ll do a Fit in Window, and we can see these site boundaries.  We’ll also see some dimensions – 70 feet along the bottom, 100 feet along the right and top edges, and if you’re bringing in the metric file, then it’s going to be I think 20 meters along the bottom and 30 along the top and the right side.  [0:05:09]

Now, also, because this is for training purposes, I put in some numbers indicating heights above sea level, so 64 feet, 66, etc.  We’re going to put the building in this area between 70 and 72. If you’re working with the metric, I have numbers 20 meters, 21 meters, 22, etc., and so we’re going to be putting it in around 22 meters in height above – we could say sea level, or perhaps you’re used to calling it something else like in Australia it’s called the Australia height datum, or AHD, I believe.  [0:05:43]

So, in any event, the first job after bringing it in is to verify that it’s the right scale, that it’s actually the right size and it measures properly.  So, I click on the Measure tool, and I’ll go to this corner here and click and go to the other corner, and we can see.  Ah, 70 feet.  Perfect.  It matches, and if I want to just double-check, I can go up here.  100.  Basically, it will either be perfect, or usually if it’s not perfect, it’ll be off by a factor.  [0:06:09]

For example, if instead of 70 feet, it read a little under 6 feet, perhaps it’s 70 inches, and you’d need to bring it in again, double-checking that you’re not setting it for inches. We need to set the measurement unit to feet, 12 times as big, or the reverse.  You might have something that’s way too big, and you have to bring it in again with a different scale. [0:06:33]

Now, I’ll hit the Escape key to cancel that because the measurement was verified.  Now, you’ll see that there is a little guide here, in terms of two lines and a text that says, “corner of existing building.”  So, we’re going to use that as a way of locating the survey reliably to the new building or the building that we’ve been working on, which will go sort of in this general area to the upper left of that corner. [0:07:00]

So, go back to the View map, and I’ll double-click on the first-floor plan here, and actually, let me create a site plan, as I started to do.  So, I’ll go to the Quick Options and change it to site plan, and then I’ll use the option in the bottom of the View map to Save Current View.  So, I’ll go here and give it a name.  If yours says By Project Map and doesn’t let you adjust the name, you will have to change it to Custom, and then you can say, for example, Site Plan, and I’ll just leave everything else alone.  [0:07:38]

All of these things, of course, could be adjusted, but I’ll go ahead and create it.  I will make a note that it is using the correct layer combination, the one that is currently active in the window, and I’ll say Create.  You see now there’s a site plan here.  I can, of course, just double-click on furniture plan or floor plan and see the variations, and then here’s the site plan. [0:07:58]

Now, when we return to the metric version, I’ll explain a couple of differences that we need to make in the layer combination for the site plan at that time.  So, in order to be able to see the site properly, we’ll need to use the worksheet as a trace reference.  Now, one thing I forgot about is that in the worksheet clone folder, if I double-click on that survey that I brought in, we’ll see, “Ooh, the scale looks funny.”  The numbers are much smaller.  Why?  Because this view is set incorrectly at ¼” to a foot or 1 to 48.  [0:08:38]

So, what I need to do is with the survey view selected, go to the Settings, and in the Settings, say “No no no, it should be at 1/8” to a foot.”  If you’re in the metric one, it probably will be correct with 1 to 100.  You won’t have to adjust it, but you can see I’ve just changed the settings, and now it’s showing properly. [0:08:58]

I’ll go back up to the view that I created, the site plan view here, and having brought that to the front, I’ll now scroll down and right-click on the survey and say Show as Trace Reference.  Now, if you’re in ARCHICAD 10, then you would need to place the survey on a lower story – in other words, create an additional story, perhaps just for the .dwg import.  So, then you can use Show as Ghost Story to be able to see something similar to what I’m doing now.  [0:09:34]

When I say Show as Trace Reference, we’ll see some lines just barely visible right now.  Let me zoom out to Fit in Window, and you can just barely see them.  Let me go and open up the Trace & Reference palette here by pressing down on the pop-up menu next to the Trace & Reference button, and I’ll go and perhaps change the opacity or the level of the color here.  I can change the color, if I want, to another color.  You can see this is now reddish.  I’ll just leave it at the blue one – whatever you like, it’s really just will make it easier for you to see it and to coordinate with it.  [0:10:13]

Now, obviously the survey is sitting somewhere in space, and I want to coordinate where it is in relationship to this project.  Now, in theory, we could move the entire building over, but really, in practice, it’s much easier and usually done to just move the reference into proper relationship.  So, I use the button here that is called Drag Reference.  So, I click on that, and then I’ll move my mouse and get the checkmark right at that corner.  If necessary, you can zoom in to make sure that you’re on that corner, and then I’ll move this over, and I may even zoom in here and just make sure that I’m placing it right on that point.  [0:10:52]

Now, if it was off a little bit, you’d see those lines not directly underneath the wall.  So, now we have the – and I’ll just Fit in Window again.  Now, we have the building in relationship to the site.  Now, the site is going to be created using the Mesh tool.  So, the Mesh tool is a tool that starts out creating a flat element like a slab but then can be varied in terms of its height at all the points on the periphery as well as the interior to it.  [0:11:22]

Now, it goes on a layer.  In the U.S. layer, it’s L-site.  In the international version, it would be something with train modeling, I believe, but I don’t need to adjust the layer in this case.  Now, I will need to make sure that it’s in the polygon method as opposed to rectangle because this is not a rectangular shape.  Now, in order to set this properly in relationship to the building, let’s just discuss for a minute what height this building’s going to be at.  [0:11:52]

In other words, in relationship to the sea level or the height datum, what should it be at?  Well, in the U.S. version, we’re going to set it between 70 and 72 feet would be the natural grade, so I’ll say that 71 feet would be a good finished floor height, and as it will turn out, it will fit above prevailing grade in the front but be dug in a little bit into the grade in the back, and we’ll look at how we can actually clear out some space so the door can open and things like that.  [0:12:23]

Now, in the international version here, you can see the 22 meters – this line here, and 21 meters, and of course, these are not exact equivalents of the American versions here, but they’re reasonable for training purposes to use these numbers.  So, for the international version, we’ll say that the finished floor is going to be 22 meters off the height datum or the sea level.  [0:12:51]

So, in order to sort of lock that in – in other words, to tell ARCHICAD what that is, I’ll go to the Options menu and Project Preferences.  So, this is something that’s set for the project, usually once, and you may adjust it if you need to, but in general, it will just remain with the project.  Each project will have some levels that it will record.  [0:13:16]

Now, in ARCHICAD 15 and maybe 14, the north position is also part of this command, but in earlier versions, it may just be the levels that you’re setting.  Now, when we look at the levels and project north command in addition to the north arrow position, which we don’t need to look at right now, we have something called Sea Level.  Now, if you are in the international version, it may be reference level 1 or reference level 2, and you can change the name to, for example, AHD for the Australia Height Datum or the words sea level, whatever you prefer, but I’m going to say that sea level, this reference height is 71 feet below the project zero, which will be, in this case, the finish floor level of the ground floor.  [0:14:02]

So, I’m now setting up a relationship between these so, when I’m doing grading, I can refer to the exterior reference sea level or the height datum, whereas when I’m working on the building, I can refer to distances from the finish floor of the main floor.  So, I’ll set that, and we don’t see any change here, but it does allow us, when we put in the mesh, to set it in relationship to sea level or the height datum.  [0:14:31]

Now, I’ll go click on the Mesh tool settings, and now we see mesh default settings, and let’s take a look briefly at what we have.  We have a thickness.  Now, this is an initial thickness of the platform that the building’s going to be set at, and then we have a height reference, basically saying “Where is the top surface at least initially going to be?”  [0:14:53]

Initially, it’s saying zero for the current story, and it’s telling me that in relationship to sea level, it’s 71 feet above because, obviously, project zero is 71 feet, or it would be 22 meters, 22,000 millimeters above that.  I switch it to project zero, you see that I can refer to that, but let’s leave it at sea level and say, “You know what?  I would like to set the mesh so that, at the lowest point on the site, which is just under 64 feet – 63 feet, let’s say, that the platform is just a little bit below that.”  [0:15:30]

So, I’ll say that it will start at 60 feet.  So, basically the platform will be below the building, and then I’ll raise the top up to match the grade that it should be.  Now, if you’re doing the metric one, you might want to try something like 19500 for that, or 19.5 meters.  So, if you’re working in millimeters, it would be 19,500 that you would want to put in here, and you want to make sure that this is set to sea level or the height datum reference.  [0:16:01]

So, there’s some other things we’ll look at later.  I’m going to make sure that the mesh actually has a thickness. This is one of the options as opposed to just being a skin, sort of like a piece of paper, and then this would be like a tin can.  It would basically have an outline but would not have anything inside of it, so we’ll leave this alone, and we’ll look at these other settings later.  [0:16:23]

So, I’ll say OK, and now I’m going to start drawing it.  Remember, I’m in polygon mode, so I can click on a corner and then another corner here, and another corner, and another corner, and if I want, I can go back to the first point, or I can click on this point up here, and it will close it because it has to be a closed shape or it will return.  Now, if I select it, and I can do that by holding down the Shift key to get the arrow and clicking it, you’ll see that we’ve got this thing selected.  Let’s go to 3D, just for the heck of it. [0:16:57]

So, when I go to 3D, and we take a look, you see there is the shape of the site, and if I orbit, we’ll see that the site is actually well below the building but not a huge amount below the building, just a little bit below the building, and it’s flat.  Now we’re going to start to actually make the mesh have some height difference, and so I’ll go select it again, and I’m going to start adjusting the heights, so with the mesh tool, we can go to individual node points like this corner here, and instead of adjusting that point or moving other things around, there’s a unique to the Mesh tool – a z-height option.  So, when I select that, it says, “Well, what height is this?”  [0:17:43]

Well, it’s going to be 63 feet relative to sea level.  If you’re looking at one of these other things, then you would want to switch it to the height datum or the sea level to be able to put it in more conveniently.  We don’t want to say Apply to All.  We just want to do one point at a time right now, so I’ll say OK.  If you’re doing it metrically, it would be 19,500 there, and now I’ll go to this one, and you can see on the actual survey that it’s between 70 and 72, so I’ll just call it 71, and if we were to do the metric one, it would be between the 21.5 line and the 22, so you’d call it 21.750.  [0:18:23]

I’ll go up to this upper one here, and this one’s going to be 85 feet or 25 ½, 25,500, and if I calculate this one by looking at the lines, it’s between the 76 and the 78, so it would be 77 feet, or it’s just above the 23, so it would be 23,250.  Now, if I deselect this and go to 3D – I’m just hitting F3.  I’ll say, “Oh, now it’s got a wedge shape,” and if I spin around, you can see the building is slightly buried in it.  Well, it will end up being a little bit buried, but we have some interior definition that I haven’t even started to do, but this is a very good way to start working with the mesh is to set the initial heights to get the prevailing grade, the general sort of estimate of the grade.  [0:19:14]

Now, let’s go and start to create a little more detail.  Now, I’m going to select this again, and I’d like to start with doing the two contour lines that are near the building because those are the ones that really matter.  The other ones are just for context, and you can fill in as many or as few as you would find useful.  I’ll go to the edge and press down and say that I’d like to add a point.  [0:19:40]

Now, I’m not actually going to move this point around.  I’m just going to click back on that point to make another node point that can be set at a certain height, and I’ll do the same thing over at the other end.  I’ll just click and click again, and it remembered that I was on an edge and that I wanted to add points.  Now, I’ll go to either one of these that I’ve just created, press down, and use the z-height option, which perhaps you may have to adjust what choice it is.  [0:20:09]

Mine remembered that I was last working on the z-heights, and I’ll say, “Well, it’s 70 feet above sea level.”  Again, just the individual point where this would be 21.5 – 21,500, and I’ll do the same thing with this, and I’ll see it says 68 because it’s sort of approximating it between these two points, but I’ll say, “No no no, it’s 70 feet,” and again, 21,500.  [0:20:34]

Let me do the two points along this edge, so I’m going to go and click and create a new node point and click on the other end.  Click and create a new node point, and then, once I’ve created those, once I press down, use the z-height option and say this is going to be 72, so this is actually adjusting it quite a bit.  It’s a little bit more flat, and the lower part of this height, or that would be 2200, and again, 72 for this end or 2200.  [0:21:05]

So now, if I go back to 3D here, we’ll see that it’s adjusted a little bit because I’ve got the edge a little bit more defined, and if I turn off the orbit mode, and I select it, you can see there are some extra handles that now have some height definitions that define the grade a little bit more precisely.  Now, we’re going to follow along the contour next, so I’ll select the site, and this time, I’m going to click inside.  [0:21:40]

Now, this contour goes from end to end, but I cannot start a contour line in terms of ARCHICAD’s definition by clicking on an edge.  I have to click somewhere inside it, so I’ll just click somewhere inside on this, and I’m going to approximate it.  It’s going to be a series of straight segments, and I can just do a handful of them.  I don’t have to do a huge number because it’s really just context.  It’s not even near the building, but it will definitely set a contour line.  [0:22:08]

Now, the last point I could go on the edge, or I could stop just short, or I could go a little beyond.  I’ll just go to the edge, and then one more click will say I’m done with this particular contour line, and it says, “How would you like these new points to be fitted in?”  I’ll just leave the default alone, which is to fit to the existing grade, where the ridges are, and then later I’ll adjust the height.  In fact, I’ll go now to any one of the interior points, press down, use the z-height option, and here, I do want to say it’s 70, or it would be 21,500.  [0:22:48]

Apply to All.  I do want that to be done because that will apply it to all of those points that I just created, and I’ll do the same thing.  I’ll create a series of points.  The Mesh tool is active.  The mesh is selected.  That’s critical, and then I can click on a series of points along here and click on this last point an extra time and say OK.  It’s created a few points, and then I can press down on any one of the points I just created and change this to 72 feet or 2200 millimeters and apply to all.  [0:23:30]

Now, if we look at this in 3D, we’re going to see it adjust a little bit more, and in fact, if I orbit down here, we’ll see that those points that I just created are level.  They actually are contour lines with a uniform height, so let me go back to the floor plan, and we’ll just add one more for good measure.  I’ll go and let’s say pick maybe the 80 foot line, 24 meters, and again, I’ll click on the end to add a new node, click on the other end of the same one and add a new node point, and then pressing down on the node point, I’ll use the z option to set it to be the 80 feet but not apply to all, or 2400 millimeters, and the same here.  [0:24:28]

Then, I’ll create the points in between, so in order to create these points, I need to – now, see, if I do make a mistake here, and I’ve just figured out I can add extra points in afterward.  It’s not a problem, or I can use the backspace key to go back. So, on the Mac, it would be the Delete key.  On the Windows, it would be the backspace key as opposed to the standard Delete key, but this is true for any polygon that you create is when you’re creating a series of points, if you make a mistake on one of them, you can usually go back a step using that key.  [0:25:15]

So, I click on the last point and say OK, and then press on any of these points and change the height.  So, this is going to 80.  Apply to All, or 2400 millimeters, 24 meters.  You’re seeing a bunch of these lines here.  This is what ARCHICAD is actually building.  It’s creating a series of triangles.  It’s sometimes called the TIN or triangulated irregular network or something or like that to create that.  Of course, these are really not useful to us visually.  They really get in the way, so let’s turn that off.  [0:25:55]

I’ll go to the floor planning section, with the mesh still selected, and there’s an option here whether to show all ridges or to show user-defined ridges, and now when I do that, you can see that the train only has those lines.  It doesn’t have all the intermediate.  Now, when I go to 3D, we’ll see a slight change again with the new one that I’ve got.  Now, if you’re in the international version, you may find that there is an option turned on for the modeling, and that is that it’s showing all ridges sharp.  I’ll show you what that looks like.  It will look similar in 3D view as what I was just doing, and if we say all ridges smooth, then it will just show the ones that are defined carefully.  [0:26:50]

So, that, of course, is going to be a little more satisfying for most purposes.  Now, you notice that these points or the contour lines are actually not quite going to the end.  Doesn’t really matter, but if you really want to, you can go – even in the 3D view and use the Reposition Node in the pet palette and snap it into position.  You can’t start those points on the edge because ARCHICAD only knows that you want to create a contour line or interior reference points when you click inside, but you can move them to the edge afterward.  [0:27:31]

I will say that’s now nice and neat.  So, let’s just look at how the sections of the building are looking, how this building is situated.  If I double-click on a section here, we’ll see that as it renders it with the train that the building is seated in the ground, and of course, we need to excavate down from that.  I’ll go to the other section here, and we’ll see something similar.  [0:28:01]

Now, it turns out that I can use solid-element operations to manage this very easily.  I’ll go to the Design menu.  Now, if you’re in ARCHICAD 15, it’s under the Connect submenu, solid-element operations. If you’re in previous versions, it would just be directly under the Design menu, fairly near the top – about a quarter of the way down, as I recall.  [0:28:22]

Now, this may have the full length here.  We don’t need to have the Maintain operations.  That would be to turn off some of the work that we’ve done or to disable the relationships between elements, but in this case, I do need the new operation, and I’m going to go select.  I’ll press down the Shift key and go to the edge of the slab here, so this slab, which we’re seeing part of, and you can see some handles indicating that beyond the cutting plane, it extends further.  [0:28:53]

I’m selecting that as the operator, so it’s going to operate on the other element, which will be the target, and the other element – by the way, I’ll click an empty space to deselect it and now hold down the Shift key and click on the mesh.  I’m going to make it the target, so you select the element or more than one element, and you click on Get Operator or Get Target.  [0:29:17]

Now, the operation here is subtraction, which will take out everything where they intersect so that the slab has a space to exist in the earth but also with upward extrusion.  That will clear out the space above the slab, which would include the walls and the interior volume – the air space in the building.  I’ll say Execute.  We don’t have to worry about these new surfaces because we’re not going to see the surfaces of the target anyway.  [0:29:46]

It’s going to be buried, but I’ll say Execute, and you can see.  Ah, beautiful.  Look at how that looks.  Now, let me go to the other section, and we’ll see.  Look at that.  It did the whole work for us, and when we go to 3D, we’ll see a slight difference.  You can see that the train mesh now has a boundary matching the building because it’s been temporarily cut out, and what I mean by temporarily – if the building footprint were to move in any way, the cutout would just adjust because solid-element operations are something that will stay live and adjust as needed.  [0:30:26]

I’ll just hide this a little bit.  I’ll hit the little triangle to, say, make it just a small, compact palette while leaving it around, and let’s look at how we would do some hardscapes, so actual slabs for flat patios or walkways and things like that.  Now, to see this, if I zoom in, we’ll see that the doorway here could work.  In other words, the prevailing grade is a little bit below the doorway, so we could allow that, and if I orbit around here, we’ll see that on this side, the door is also still being seen.  [0:31:08]

If I orbit around further and then let me turn off the orbit and just use the center mouse button to pan down, we’ll see that we do have a little bit of a problem in that the door is buried here, and likewise this door.  So, in other words, in the back of the building, we need to excavate down.  Now, if we’re excavating down, we’re going to need to put a new surface in there, so let’s call this a patio or some type of a utility area, for recreation or utility.  [0:31:39]

So, I’ll go the floor plan, and let’s say that we want to put a – I’ll just zoom in a little bit.  Let’s say that we want to put a slab here for that patio, so I’ll go to the Slab tool, and I’m not sure what the Slab tool’s settings are, so I’m going to go and use the eye dropper.  I use the eye dropper here, and I’ll hover over where the other slab is.  You can see as I move over that it says, “Oh, you’re looking at this slab.”  Because I have the Slab tool active, it will prefer picking up the settings of the slab rather than the walls, which is just perfect in this case, so I’ll do that.  [0:32:19]

Now, this slab will have the same thickness and same elevation as the interior one.  I might want to adjust it.  I can do that afterward, and of course, perhaps I might want to put a different material on it, but I’ll just go ahead and create a rectangular shape here by clicking these two corners with the rectangle one, and then I’ll select it.  I’ll hold down the shift key and click on it, and perhaps I’ll expand this.  I’ll use the option here in the pet palette to adjust the overhang and perhaps take this 6 feet further out, just to make it have a nice distance.  [0:32:53]

As I recall, the utility room door here also needed to have some clearance, so I’ll extend that as well.  I’ll go to a corner or an edge and use the bullion addition and go and click a rectangle here, and that will extend all of this.  Now, if I go back to 3D right now, it won’t see that slab because that slab is buried, so in order to be able to see it, I’ll go back to the floor plan, and by the way, I’m hitting F2 and F3 to go back and forth, or you might need to hold down the Function key on the Mac, depending upon your settings, to be able to use the Fn keys, the Function keys.  [0:33:34]

Now, I’m going to select this slab that I just created, and I will open up the solid-element operations palette again and say that it’s the operator.  It’s going to control the action, and let me just zoom out a little bit.  Having done that, I’ll click outside it, and then I’ll select the slab – I’m sorry, select the mesh and make it the target, and again, use the same command to execute, and look what happens when I go to 3D.  [0:34:04]

There.  You know, it cut a hole in the ground, and I can go and select this and perhaps change it to a different material, so if I scroll over, you can see here are the materials.  You can look at the top or the edge or the bottom surface.  All I really care about is the top.  Of course, in some cases, you might want to put them all the same material, but I’ll just look at the top and pick from the popup, and let me just pick one of these stone ones.  It’s really arbitrary.  Just pick a material that suits your fancy.  You can always change it and see what it looks like.  [0:34:43]

I’ll just pick that, and “Oh, OK.  That looks pretty good.  I like that.”  If I go to the floor plan, you don’t see a change here, but what I’d like to show you is that there’s an option.  If I select the slab, there’s an option to adjust how it’s going to be seen on the floor plan that we may not have looked at in previous lessons, and that is when I have that slab selected and I go to the Settings board, I can turn on what’s called a cover fill.  [0:35:12]

This option is available for slabs as well as roofs and mesh elements as well, and so when I turn that on, you can see that immediately it gets a fill, so this actually is not a separate fill element like the boards were in this bedroom.  It’s actually connected to the slab, so if I change the shape of it, it would update at the same time, and right now it says Use Fill of Surface Material, and it would be.  We could also turn that off and pick an arbitrary fill, just whatever we want for that.  [0:35:48]

So, that’s a nice feature.  We’ll finish up the train modeling by putting in some trees, and then we’ll return back and look at a couple of variations that are required in the international version.  When I go to the object tool, I’ll double-click on the object tool to open it up.  That’s one way to do that, and I’d like to get some trees, so I’ll go change from folder view to Find Library Parts and type in “tree” and then click Find.  [0:36:19]

You can see that oh, there’s a bunch of trees.  Let me just bring this up so you can see everything that I’m seeing, and you can see some ones that say tree elev.  That means that this is a line drawing that you could place in elevation. There are some that are simple, some that are more complex, and then there are ones that are actually 3D.  As we get down to the tree, deciduous or evergreen or things like that.  [0:36:45]

I’ll pick, let’s say, this one here, which is a fairly simplistic one that we can use, and when I activate it, just like any library part, it has a certain size.  We could adjust that, but in this case, that’s the horizontal and vertical size on the plan, and then there may be some settings in terms of the height of the object.  If we look in 3D, we can see what sort of tree it’s going to be, and we could adjust that.  There are all sorts of settings for how it’s going to look on the plan.  In other words, if I change it to a different one of these options here, we can get different effects, so pick the one that suits your preference.  [0:37:28]

Then, we can just click OK.  Now, when I place it, of course the grade is much higher in the back corner here than it is in the front corner on the opposite diagonal, and I would like ARCHICAD to actually look at the height of the train and place the tree right on top of it, so that’s possible using the little gravity icon here.  So, gravity is just to the right of the Trace & Reference palette, and I can go press down here and say I’d like to gravitate to mesh, and we could put things on top of a roof or on top of a floor slab, but I’ll say the mesh.  That’s the terrain.  [0:38:11]

Now, if I click on this, you can see here it’s not active.  Here, it is, so now what it will do is it will actually, as I move my mouse around, it will actually place the tree or whatever element I’m drawing.  It could even be a wall at that height, so I’ll click and click again to place it.  Let me just say I’d like to place this straight, but I don’t need to rotate it, and I’ll go ahead and place another one here, and I’ll go and place another one, say, down here.  [0:38:38]

Now, if I select this one, you’ll see that its base height is -4’8”.  So, that means it’s 4’8” or about a meter and a half below the floor.  Over here, it’s at 2’2” above the floor, so it’s gone up about 600 millimeters, and then this one is way up at 11 feet or 3 or 4 meters above.  If I go to 3D, we’ll see, and if I zoom out a little bit, we’ll see that these trees, and I’ll just spin around the orbit.  They are rather different heights because they automatically found their position, and in fact we can actually put in the tree right here in 3D.  I can click, and you can see that it actually puts the trees. [0:39:23]

Let me just undo that.  Let’s put this tree perhaps in this side, so you can see how it finds the grade, whether you’re in 2D or 3D.  So, that concludes the lesson on train modeling, except that I want to go back and show you how it works with the metric version. There are a couple of key differences, so let me just switch over a metric one.  [0:39:52]

So, as you recall, and this would be a good review for people in the U.S. as well, just to see how it’s done a second time.  I’ll go to the worksheet and create a new worksheet, so I’ll say – actually, I can’t do it here in the View map.  I need to be in the Project map, and then in the worksheets I can say New Independent Worksheet, and then let’s just do that again.  Just change the name to Survey, and then here we are in 1 to 100, so I don’t need to change that scale.  [0:40:30]

I’ll just go to the File menu and say External Content, Place External Dry.  I’ll go find the metric file, which is the quick-start site survey for international, and here I need to change the drawing unit or verify that it’s set properly.  In this training example, it will be set for one meter, or that will give you the correct results as opposed to millimeters, and I say place.  [0:40:55]

Again, I can just click somewhere to place it, and it comes out.  We’ll just Fit in Window.  Now, its placement is sort of arbitrary in the sense that right now, the center is where it is rather than the corner.  That’s something that you can adjust.  In fact, I’m just going to go ahead and move it so it’s a similar relationship to the origin.  Really doesn’t make very much difference in most cases.  [0:41:19]

So, you can see a very similar graphic, although it’s resized a bit to make it nice, even metric sizes.  I will verify the distance.  I’ll click on this point and that point with the Measure tool.  20,000 millimeters, and this one is 30,000, and 30,000, etc.  I’ll hit the Escape key, and that looks nice at this point here.  Now, there is a boundary you can see around this that’s visible.  Under the View menu, if I go to On-Screen View options, I can say Turn Off Drawing Frames, and then you can see that goes away. That’s really optional.  View Menu, On-Screen View Options, Drawings Frames.  Turn it on or off if you like.  [0:42:01]

Now, go back up to the floor plan here, and I had left out the step upgrading a site drawing, so we’ll open up the Quick Options, and we’ll change our layer combination here to site.  When I do that, it turns off the interior walls, but it actually turned off the exterior walls as well, so what I’d like to do is modify the layer combination.  Go to the Document Layers, Layer Settings, or Command+L or Ctrl+L, and you see I’ve got the site layer combinations active, but I would like to be able to see the structural bearing layer turned on, which is what the exterior walls are on as opposed to the interior walls, which would be the interior partitions.  [0:42:50]

So, I’m just going to turn on the exterior walls, and now I actually forgot one thing.  I need to go back into that command here.  Very easy to forget when you’re moving quickly.  I click on Site, and I need to adjust again the structural bearing, and then click Update.  Very important.  If you don’t do that, it will forget it the next time you double-click on the View or change the layer combination there, so you need to update and click OK.  [0:43:19]

So, now we’re seeing something similar to what we had before in the U.S. version with the walls showing as well as some roofs.  Frankly, I could do without the roofs, but it’s fine.  We can leave those turned on, and let’s go now to create the train model.  So, it’s going to be very similar.  I’m going to go and first double-check that in the worksheet clone folder that the survey looks correct, and when I double-click on it, it looks fine because its settings here were set at 1 to 100, which is correct, whereas in the U.S. version I had to adjust that.  [0:43:55]

So, I’ll go back now to the floor plan, and again, I forgot one thing.  I need to go and set up the site layer combination and go to and use this button that says Create or Save Current View, and again, if you have it saying By Project Map, you can’t adjust it.  You need to change it to custom, and then we can call this Site Plan, and all the other settings can be left alone since we are set at 1 to 100, and I’ll say Create.  [0:44:24]

So now, if I double-click on ground floor site plan or furniture plan, we’ll see all these different variations, so I’m in the site plan, and I’m going to go to the Mesh tool.  Now, before I place the mesh, remember I have to go to the Options menu and go to Project Preferences, Levels or Levels in Project North, and you see that it says first and second reference level.  Doesn’t really matter which one of these you use.  I’m just going to call it Sea level - AHD for the Australia Height Datum, so whatever you want to call it, and what height is this going to be?  [0:45:01]

It's going to -22,000, so 22,000 millimeters or in 22.000 if you were working in meters because this is the height of the finish floor that I’d like to use.  Now, I’ll say OK.  We don’t see any difference here, but now when I open up the mesh tool, and we look at its settings, and I just double-click on the tool to open it up.  Here’s the thickness of the initial platform, and I’m going to pick a reference of the sea level AHD and say that, “You know what?  This is going to be at a height of 19,500.”  [0:45:39]

Now, I’m going out of order here a little bit, so let me just recover my steps.  I need to show where the survey is.  I need to bring that in, so I’ll right-click on the survey and say Show As Trace Reference, and we’ll see this showing up in a rather faint view, so let me go and open up the Trace & Reference, and let me change the color, perhaps, to a blue, and maybe make it a little less pronounced and perhaps the grid here is not really helping me, so I’ll go and, under the View menu, turn off the grid display, and you can say, “Ah, that’s a little bit easier to make out.”  [0:46:22]

Now, remember, we adjust the position of the reference using the Drag Reference button in the Trace & Reference palette, and I’ll go and click on the corner of the building in the survey and zoom in enough before I do this to get it in the right place.  Now, if you get it in the wrong place, it’s not a problem.  You can always drag the reference again.  Just drag it as many times as you need to get it in the perfect position.  [0:46:46]

So now, and I’ll make this a little bit darker so we can look at it.  Here, you can see that here’s the 20 meters, 21, 22, and that’s what we’re going to focus on. So, I’ll go with the Mesh tool, and from here on, it should be about the same, with one exception.  I’m going to go and put in this mesh, which I’ve already set to be at the 19,500 for the base, and I’ll finish it.  You notice that it actually has a cover fill, which we had seen when I added the patio slab, so what I need to do is actually turn that off.  At least, I think it’s distracting for this purpose.  [0:47:27]

If we zoom in a little bit, you’ll see that it’s supposed to represent this grass fill, so I’ll just Fit in Window, and I’ve got the slab or the mesh actually selected, so I can simply go to the ground floor of the floor plan and section here and turn off the cover fills.  That will make it a lot easier to work with.  So, basically, the rest of the exercise is exactly the same as what I was demonstrating.  [0:47:55]

We had to adjust the layer combination for the site layers in order to be able to see the walls for alignment of the survey, and the terrain model, the terrain mesh is actually on a layer called Site and Landscaping Terrain, and then when we go to the Object tool and put in the trees, then we will need to switch the layer from interior equipment, which it was last used for.  We’d use the Site & Landscaping – General.  That would probably be a good option for putting the trees on.  Other than that, everything else should be exactly as I demonstrated.  [0:48:37]

So, this has been Eric Bobrow, and this concludes our less on terrain modeling using the Mesh tool, the Slab tool, and the Object tool.  I look forward to reading your comments and questions on the page down below.  Thanks for watching.  [0:48:54]